Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) Research Compendium
An interactive PDF of HMO studies focusing on immune support, brain development, and digestive health.
A collection of studies, articles, and research regarding the beneficial effects of HMOs in infants and HMO structure.
An interactive PDF of HMO studies focusing on immune support, brain development, and digestive health.
Among bioactive components in human milk, HMOs are particularly significant. HMOs have valuable effects on intestinal microbiota, the intestinal barrier, and immune response.
Moubareck CA. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1123. doi:10.3390/nu13041123
A review that introduces the pioneers in HMO research, outlines HMO structural diversity, and describes what is known about HMO biosynthesis in the mother's mammary gland and their metabolism in the breastfed infant. The second part highlights the beneficial effects of HMOs for breastfed infants, compares HMOs with oligosaccharides in the milk of other mammals and in infant formula, and summarizes HMO research.
Bode L. (2012). Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama. Glycobiology, 22(9), 1147–1162. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cws074
A randomized controlled trial showing infants fed a formula containing 2′-FL have lower inflammatory cytokines similar to those who are breastfed.
Goehring KC, Marriage BJ, Oliver, JS, Wilder JA, Barrett EG, & Buck RH (2016). Similar to Those Who Are Breastfed, Infants Fed a Formula Containing 2'-Fucosyllactose Have Lower Inflammatory Cytokines in a Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 146(12), 2559–2566. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.236919
A study examining infant growth and tolerance when fed formulas with a caloric density close to human milk supplemented with human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs).
Marriage BJ, Buck RH, Goehring KC, Oliver JS, & Williams JA (2015). Infants Fed a Lower Calorie Formula With 2'FL Show Growth and 2'FL Uptake Like Breast-Fed Infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 61(6), 649–658. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000889
A review of the clinical experiences of feeding infants formula containing human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) 2′-FL.
Reverri EJ, Devitt AA, Kajzer JA, Baggs GE, & Borschel MW (2018). Review of the Clinical Experiences of Feeding Infants Formula Containing the Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose. Nutrients, 10(10), 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101346
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